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	<title>BioDiesel Essentials &#187; biodiesel expansion</title>
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		<title>Green Collar Jobs and How You Can Fit In</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/green-collar-jobs-and-how-you-can-fit-in</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Mar 2010 12:16:13 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[biodiesel expansion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Collar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green]]></category>
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The world is constantly changing before our eyes. Technology has created advancements that we could never have imagined 20 years ago. But with many of the advancements have come negative changes to our environment like pollution and global warming that affect the way we live our lives.
&#13;As a result, these changes have inspired the creation [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The world is constantly changing before our eyes. Technology has created advancements that we could never have imagined 20 years ago. But with many of the advancements have come negative changes to our environment like pollution and global warming that affect the way we live our lives.</p>
<p>&#13;As a result, these changes have inspired the creation of jobs meant to contribute to and aid our environment rather than destroy it. These jobs are called &#8220;green collar jobs.&#8221; If you are interested in learning more about this industry, take a look at how it affects you and how you can fit in.</p>
<p><b>What are Green Collar Jobs?</b></p>
<p>&#13;Green collar jobs are typically defined along the lines of blue collar jobs. However, these jobs were created by companies that want to help improve the environment. You can see minor changes in the everyday activities of some businesses. For instance, some grocery chains have stopped passing out plastic bags for free and have began charging customers with the proceeds benefiting the environment. Because so much more effort is being placed on &#8220;going green&#8221; there are many more jobs coming available to help create zero waste, conserve water, develop residential solar energy and more.</p>
<p><b>What Types of Jobs are Available?</b></p>
<p>&#13;Some specific job types that you might be able to get into that very directly mean to enhance the environment include bike delivery services, gas station jobs related to <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a>, green waste composting, landscaping, construction material and debris hauling and reuse.</p>
<p>&#13;A few others include:</p>
<p>&#13;- Hazardous material clean-up<br />&#13;- Developments for non-toxic household cleaning products<br />&#13;- Expansion of open spaces such as parks, recycling, solar installation<br />&#13;- Printing with non-toxic inks and dyes<br />&#13;- Maintenance and repair for public transit<br />&#13;- Tree cutting and pruning<br />&#13;- Water efficiency and conservation<br />&#13;- Weatherization for homes<br />&#13;- Energy conservation</p>
<p>&#13;Many businesses are hopping on the &#8220;go green&#8221; bandwagon. So this is a good time to begin searching for employment in this area.</p>
<p><b>Can I Get Involved?</b></p>
<p>&#13;One of the perks of green collar jobs is that many of them offer on-the-job training. So if you&#8217;re looking for an environmentally-responsible career change, or post-retirement job that can make you feel good about what you&#8217;re doing, many green collar jobs can be easily moved into. Additionally, if you want a mid-to senior-level position, those jobs are available too.</p>
<p>&#13;The industry is growing so rapidly that in fact it is predicted that jobs in the energy-efficient industries could grow from the currently estimated 8 million available to as many as 40 million by 2030. If you are interested in finding out where you fit in, you can visit a career consultant who can help you find your way based on your specific skills. You can, for instance, use your human resources background to become a human resources manager at a solar energy company. As the industry grows, the opportunities will be endless.</p>
<p>&#13;If your passion falls in line with caring for the environment then green collar work may be right for you. So take your time, explore what&#8217;s out there, and seek counseling if necessary. Then enjoy getting paid to make a difference in our world.</p>
<p>           &#13;
<div style="margin:5px;padding:5px;border:1px solid #c1c1c1;font-size: 10px;">
<p>Heather Eagar is a former professional resume writer and is passionate about providing working professionals with current, reliable and effective job search tools and information. Compare top <a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.resumelines.com">resume writers</a>, in the industry at <a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.resumelines.com">http://www.resumelines.com</a></p>
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		<title>4 Reliable Suppliers Of Alternative Energy</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/4-reliable-suppliers-of-alternative-energy</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Mar 2010 13:00:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[biodiesel expansion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alternative]]></category>
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1. Amelot Holdings is a US based company specializing in development of ethanol and biodiesel plants. It establishes relationships between the researchers and suppliers of alternative energy. The company facilitates joint ventures and mergers between the research facilities and the manufacturers of alternative energy. Thus, there is exchange of information and technology which helps to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>1. Amelot Holdings is a US based company specializing in development of ethanol and <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a> plants. It establishes relationships between the researchers and suppliers of alternative energy. The company facilitates joint ventures and mergers between the research facilities and the manufacturers of alternative energy. Thus, there is exchange of information and technology which helps to promote the growth of the alternative energy industry. </p>
<p>2. Environmental Power is another alternative energy supplier. It has two subsidiaries namely Microgy and Buzzard Power. Microgy undertakes research and development in the field of alternative energy. It has developed a cost-effective biogas facility by making use of agricultural and plant waste. It focuses on eco-friendly production of renewable energy like biogas to compare with the standards of natural gas. The biogas is used in combustion engines, and for heating homes and offices.   Buzzard Power has an 83MW power facility to generate &#8216;green&#8217; energy from coal waste.<br />
Environmental Power has been in existence from the year 1982 and has a long history of development in the field of clean energy.  The company has developed and operated municipal waste projects and hydroelectric plants and assisted in clean gas generation and energy recovery. It has a team of experts from the agriculture and finance sectors to manage the business and help its growth and expansion.</p>
<p>3. Intrepid Technology and Resources Incorporated (ITR) processes animal waste into natural gas as an alternative energy resource. America&#8217;s supply of natural gas is depleting. ITR believes that the two billion ton animal waste produced every year can be used to generate natural gas to tide over the deficit. Their &#8216;organic waste digesters&#8217; built close to the sites of the organic waste, produce clean methane gas which is a viable option to natural gas. The company is based in Idaho but plans to expand its operations to the whole country.</p>
<p>4. Nathaniel Energy generates energy from waste matter. The company has devised s system known as Total Value Preservation System (TVPS) which sees the potential of waste materials to generate energy. Industrial waste matter which would have otherwise been discarded or destroyed is being put to optimum use to recover the trapped energy. The production costs towards generation of alternative energy are equivalent to the costs incurred by a company to install pollution control systems and preventions.  TVPS is an innovative technology which recovers valuable resources that other processes fail to do. </p>
<p>There are many companies such as those listed above, which use innovative technology to augment our diminishing supply of natural resources by adopting environmentally safe methods to generate alternative energy or renewable energy. There is a need to invest in research towards finding alternative sources of energy as a replacement to fossil fuels. The future of the world depends on industries which can help to achieve this goal. The governments of the various countries need to co-operate in terms of exchange of ideas and information to solve the problems of global warming and environmental pollution. Alternative energy suppliers like the above mentioned companies can play a major role in this process and the government can promote these companies by providing them subsidies.</p>
<p>           &#13;
<div style="margin:5px;padding:5px;border:1px solid #c1c1c1;font-size: 10px;">
<p>Abhishek is an avid Environmentalist and he has got some great <b><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.Wonder-Homes.com/643/index.htm"> Alternative Fuel Secrets </a></b> up his sleeves! Download his <b>FREE 70 Pages Ebook</b>, &#8220;Energy Conservation And Alternative Fuel&#8221; from his website <b><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.Wonder-Homes.com/643/index.htm"> http://www.Wonder-Homes.com/643/index.htm </a></b>. <i>Only limited Free Copies available.</i></p>
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		<title>Demand for Biofuels Fuels Demand for Water</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/demand-for-biofuels-fuels-demand-for-water</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Mar 2010 12:46:06 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[biodiesel expansion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[biofuels]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Demand]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#13;
As oil prices have been rising, biofuels have been booming. Biofuels are made from plant matter; the complex carbohydrates of the plants are converted into hydrocarbon chains, which behave much like gasoline and diesel fuels. Even if you’ve never heard the term, you’ve undoubtedly heard the names of the fuels; ethanol, methanol and biodiesel are [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>As oil prices have been rising, biofuels have been booming. Biofuels are made from plant matter; the complex carbohydrates of the plants are converted into hydrocarbon chains, which behave much like gasoline and diesel fuels. Even if you’ve never heard the term, you’ve undoubtedly heard the names of the fuels; ethanol, methanol and <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a> are all examples of biofuels currently available in many countries.</p>
<p>The main benefit of biofuels is easy to grasp; biofuels are a renewable resource, unlike petroleum. When the world’s supply of oil is consumed, there will be no way to ‘make new oil’. Conversely, there is a constant harvest of new, growing fuel-crops. Corn, soybeans, hardwoods, sugar canes – all can be harvested and used for biofuel production.</p>
<p>The downsides of biofuels are not so obvious. The first is that some of the same crops that are used for fuels are also used as human and animal food. The high price of oil and gasoline has created intense demand for biofuels; additionally the high prices have meant that biofuel producers can afford to offer attractive pricing to farmers who grow the crops. As a result, an increasing number of farmers have sold their crop to biofuel producers. An example of this can be found in the corn markets; currently the cost of corn stands near $3.25 per bushel – a massive jump from 2006 prices of near $2 per bushel. Those who need to buy corn for any other reason must pay this increased price. As a result, the cost of everything from tortillas to eggs (chicken feed is mostly corn) has risen along with the corn prices.</p>
<p>Another major biofuel-related concern that is just beginning to be discussed is water. Water is required to grow biofuel crops and water is required to process them into fuels. Compounding that is the growing demand for biofuels; increased demand means increased demand forwater. For every gallon of ethanol produced, roughly 4 gallons of water are needed.</p>
<p>In the United States, the state of Iowa is currently wrestling with how to address water resource needs that are related to ethanol production. Currently, Iowa produces 1.9 billion gallons of ethanol. Construction of new plants or expansion of existing ethanol facilities would increase production by almost 1.4 billion gallons. Those biofuel plants consume about 7 percent of the state’swater today, according to a state water -use study. That could grow to 14 percent by 2012, according to a study by the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy. As a result of this potential crisis, the Iowa state legislature is considering a bill that would mandatewater recycling for all new biofuel facilities built in the state.</p>
<p>Of even more concern is the growing demand for biofuels in China. The government in Beijing sees renewable energy as a major part of the energy solution that must be offered to support the growing population. China already faceswater shortages in many provinces, though. Amid its water scarcity, China has become the world’s third-largest bio-ethanol producer after only Brazil and the United States; diverting thousands of gallons ofwater to grow a ton of corn, then using more water to turn the corn into ethanol. To combat this, in December 2006, the Chinese government came up with controls on corn-to-ethanol projects so as not to lose more preciouswater to producing fuel at the expense of food.</p>
<p>Governments so far seem to be acting responsibly when the tug of lucrative biofuel profits pulls at the water that is so necessary for life. In the future, it would be wise to weigh the cost of fuel against the cost of a world where water is in short supply.</p>
<p>&lt;br&gt;<br /> &lt;a rel=&#8221;nofollow&#8221; onclick=&#8221;javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview(&#8216;/outgoing/article_exit_link&#8217;);&#8221; href=&#8221;http://www.<strong> H2bid</strong>.com&#8221;&gt; chemicals water treatment &lt;/a&gt;</p>
<p>           &#13;
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<p>H2bid.com?s vision is to create the world&#8217;s most efficient market for commercial transactions in the water and wastewater industries. Through our site, we provide 24/7access to any water or wastewater contract opportunity anywhere in the world. Through our resources, we have created an online presence where water and wastewater utilities can find vendors who specifically serve these industries ? wherever they may be in the world.</p>
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		<title>Critical Factors for Achieving Commercial Breakeven in Renewable Energy</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Mar 2010 13:16:51 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[biodiesel expansion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Achieving]]></category>
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Critical Factors for Achieving Commercial Breakeven in Renewable Energy(Abhishek Uppal)There are a number of key sensitivities that affect the point at which renewable technologies hit the commercial breakeven points. In their research, analysts have pointed out how four sensitivities are particularly important:
The regulatory frameworkRegulation is important for low carbon technologies. These technologies can be expensive [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Critical Factors for Achieving Commercial Breakeven in Renewable Energy<br />(Abhishek Uppal)<br />There are a number of key sensitivities that affect the point at which renewable technologies hit the commercial breakeven points. In their research, analysts have pointed out how four sensitivities are particularly important:</p>
<p>The regulatory framework<br />Regulation is important for low carbon technologies. These technologies can be expensive and costs need to be brought down the learning curve. There are a variety of policy levers that can be employed to do this &#8211; with the rate of learning tied to how effective policy is in encouraging the development and deployment of the technology. </p>
<p>Local electricity price<br />There is significant geographic variation in electricity price due to differences in fuel prices and in conventional power production methods. There are also variations between peak power and off-peak power prices, which is important to consider when evaluating the competitiveness of renewable technologies.</p>
<p>Solar:<br />If capital costs of solar PV could be lowered to the region of $2,500/KW and natural gas stays above the $8/MMBtu mark, solar PV could be competitive with traditional peak power. The US has variable electricity prices that will result in different regions exhibiting different electric grid parity bands as peak retail rates in some regions have already gone above $150/MWh. Citigroup notes that, as a whole, rising electricity prices in the US are likely to drive demand for solar PV installations. High electricity prices in markets such as Spain and Italy in Europe have supported growth in solar in these countries.</p>
<p>Wind:<br />At current gas prices, wind is cost competitive with conventional gas in regions such as the UK and California. Despite supply chain issues, which we discuss below, onshore wind is an established form of power generation that can respond profitably, and is ready to be scaled up within favourably high gas price economies.</p>
<p>Natural resources<br />The theoretical resources available for the exploitation of solar PV power and wind power are far larger than any practical means for development. Nevertheless some regions exhibit particularly favourable conditions, which help to explain why geographic growth pockets have emerged.</p>
<p>Solar:<br />Electric grid parity without carbon pricing or subsidies is dependent on location as a result of variation in insulation (solar intensity). Areas such as Southern Europe and California benefit from above average hours of sunlight and some island economies such as Hawaii have already achieved electric grid parity without carbon pricing or subsidies for solar PV, in part because of high sun resources and in part due to high fossil fuel costs. The potential for developing countries, such as India, to utilize the natural resource of the sun is high, but barriers of connectivity to electric power grids will need to be overcome.</p>
<p>Wind:<br />Wind power is driven by the nature of the resource. A doubling of wind speed means about an eight-fold gain in electricity production. The UK is the best region in Europe for wind power owing to high wind speeds. Similarly, the Midwest US is rich in wind energy resources. Research and development in technology may enable wind power at higher elevations, offering more wind extraction.</p>
<p>Supply chain bottlenecks<br />Material supply chain bottlenecks may potentially delay the competitiveness of both solar and wind.</p>
<p>Solar:<br />Severe shortages of silicon have plagued the solar PV market for the past two years and thus, the cost of supplying the modules required for solar PV has remained high. The market is currently in tight supply, a state that is expected to ease up in 2009/2010. When the silicon bottleneck does eventually clear, costs will decline as a result and the overall cost of solar PV is likely to come down the curve, moving the technology closer to commercial breakeven without carbon pricing or incentives. Goldman Sachs notes that going forward there will be cheaper silicon prices due to significant production capacity coming online, which will move solar PV towards electric grid parity without carbon pricing or subsidies. Lehman believes that the availability of polysilicon will remain a bottleneck until 2010 as a result of greater capacity expansion plans from cell manufacturers than poly suppliers.</p>
<p>Wind:<br />Strong regulatory incentives, pockets of high wind resources, the push from high conventional fossil fuel prices and continued improvements in wind technology and performance have enabled wind to reach electric grid parity without carbon pricing or subsidies in some geographies. However, there are a few potential bumps in the market that could delay broad electric grid parity without carbon pricing or subsidies. The turbine market is currently in tight supply, and steel prices that are integral to turbine manufacture have increased significantly. Major capacity investments in manufacturing are needed to ease this lag in supply. In addition there are challenges of skills shortages in the sector. Both drawbacks are inherently the result of strong demand in the sector and consequently, as long as they can be overcome, the wind industry should be positioned to grow rapidly.</p>
<p>Beyond breakeven: The special case of biofuels: A renewable that is actually reducing the costs of conventional energy<br />While biofuels have suffered a lot of criticism for being unsustainable, causing deforestation, harming indigenous people and being net carbon emitters, we believe that there are good biofuels out there. We consider 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels, along with a limited number of 1st generation biofuels (sugarcane ethanol and jatropha-based <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a>) to be worthy parts of the climate change investment universe.</p>
<p>Biofuels compete in the road transport fuel market rather than the electric power market. However, their special story deserves attention as a sign of what may be coming down the road.</p>
<p>More so than any other renewable, the economic influence of ethanol has been felt in the conventional energy markets. Research from Iowa State University indicates that blending ethanol with gasoline has kept fuel prices $0.29-$0.40 lower than they otherwise would have been in the US; McKinsey analysis indicates additional upside for blending up to E10, with the potential to decrease retail gasoline prices by $0.43-$0.65. Biofuels in the US are now &#8220;beyond breakeven.&#8221; We recognise that the sustainability of much of the ethanol for sale in the US is debatable. This is problematic, and will need to be addressed. However, economically, US ethanol has reached the final goal of renewables &#8211; becoming lower-cost alternatives to fossil fuels, unlocking cheaper energy costs and a wave of low-carbon prosperity.</p>
<p>The reason that ethanol is having this material impact on the price of retail gasoline in the US is that blending permits the replacement of expensive gasoline imports with a lower-cost substitute.</p>
<p>Biofuels have demonstrated their potential to reduce the cost of energy &#8211; and we see a promising future for them, as long as they are produced with respect to the highest standards of sustainability. This may mean that tariff regimes need to be eased to allow increased imports from tropical climates that are naturally disposed to produce biofuels, such as Africa and Brazil.</p>
<p>In any case, the story of ethanol&#8217;s impact on US gasoline prices may become more familiar in other energy markets going forward &#8211; ethanol may be the very first of a number of renewable technologies that unlock a low-carbon revolution, where consumers pay less to consume clean, renewable fuels.</p>
<p>           &#13;
<div style="margin:5px;padding:5px;border:1px solid #c1c1c1;font-size: 10px;">
<p>Abhishek Uppal college graduate from Cornell University.</p>
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		<title>Some Suppliers of Alternative Energy</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 13:14:59 +0000</pubDate>
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Some Suppliers of Alternative Energy
Amelot Holdings is a company which presently specializes in the development of biodiesel and ethanol plants throughout the US. Amelot’s objective is to establish relationships between various suppliers of alternative energy who are biodiesel and ethanol researchers or producers to further their ends with long-term profitability and growth in mind. Amelot [...]]]></description>
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<p><strong>Some Suppliers of Alternative Energy</strong></p>
<p>Amelot Holdings is a company which presently specializes in the development of <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a> and ethanol plants throughout the US. Amelot’s objective is to establish relationships between various suppliers of alternative energy who are biodiesel and ethanol researchers or producers to further their ends with long-term profitability and growth in mind. Amelot furthers the cause of these alternative energy suppliers through the formulation of joint ventures, mergers, and construction contracts.</p>
<p>Environmental Power is an alternative energy supplier that has two subsidiary companies. One of these is Microgy, which is Environmental Power’s research and development arm. Microgy is a developer of biogas facilities for the cost-effective and environmentally clean production of renewable energy derived from food and agricultural waste products. These biogas fuels can be used in a number of different applications. They can be used in combustion chamber engines, used directly to make fossil fuel reliance less of a need, or cleaned up to meet natural gas standards and then piped to offices or homes for heating.</p>
<p>Environmental Power’s other subsidiary is Buzzard Power. Buzzard has an 83 megawatt power facility which generates green energy from mined coal waste. Environmental Power says of itself, we have a long and successful history of developing clean energy facilities. Since 1982 we have developed, owned and operated hydroelectric plants, municipal waste projects, coal-fired generating facilities and clean gas generation and energy recovery facilities. We are proud to have a management team and board of directors comprised of leaders from both the public and private sectors, including the energy, agriculture and finance industries.</p>
<p>Intrepid Technology and Resources, Inc, is a company that processes waste into natural gas as an alternative source of energy. The company’s vision centers on the fact that the US produces two billion tons of animal waste every year, while at once the US’ supply of natural gas is dwindling. ITR builds “organic waste digesters” local to sites of organic waste. These facilities produce, clean, and distribute the methane gas from the organic waste; methane gas is a viable alternative to natural gas. ITR is presently operating in Idaho with plans for national expansion.</p>
<p>Nathaniel Energy is a company with the objective of protecting the environment and minimizing total cost of business ownership. The Nathaniel Energy Total Value Preservation System (TVPS) gives companies unique benefits through Nathaniel’s recognition of the alternative energy potential of materials that are  usually seen as nothing more than waste or pollutants. Nathaniel Energy’s technology allows it to extract and  transform into alternative energy virtually all of the potential energy locked in waste materials.</p>
<p>All of this is produced at almost no additional cost beyond what a company would have had to spend in order to install pollution control and prevention systems. Nathaniel Energy’s innovative TVPS recovers valuable resources which other processes fail to. Throughout the entire process, the maximum amount of valuable material is recovered for reuse, which results in lowered costs and environmental protection.</p>
<p>Usual pollution cleanup and control processes treat these materials as mere contaminants that are either destroyed or discarded. The TVPS therefore decreases the total cost of business ownership through the provision of an additional stream of income.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://socialinternetintelligence.com/how-to-power-your-home-with-solar-and-wind-energy.html">To Discover how You Can Power Your Home With Alternative Energy Click Here</a></p>
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<p>Chris is an author, gamer, and internet enthusiast. You can check out more Info-Product Reviews here <a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://socialinternetintelligence.com">Info-Product Reviews</a></p>
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		<title>Re-Colonization Of Africa Through Buying Agricultural Land: Wealthy Nations And Their Multinationals On The Rampage</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/re-colonization-of-africa-through-buying-agricultural-land-wealthy-nations-and-their-multinationals-on-the-rampage</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 02 Mar 2010 13:35:31 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#13;
AFRICA’S WILLED RECOLONISATION
By Akinyi Princess of K’Orinda-Yimbo
The global food crisis of 2007/2008 that triggered riots from Cape to Cairo and from Senegal to Haiti made governments and their agriculturally-engaged companies to get on the saddle and gallop – with their thinking caps on. Export tariffs were slapped on staple food crops to minimise how much [...]]]></description>
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<p><strong>AFRICA’S WILLED RECOLONISATION</strong></p>
<p>By Akinyi Princess of K’Orinda-Yimbo</p>
<p>The global food crisis of 2007/2008 that triggered riots from Cape to Cairo and from Senegal to Haiti made governments and their agriculturally-engaged companies to get on the saddle and gallop – with their thinking caps on. Export tariffs were slapped on staple food crops to minimise how much could be sold outside their countries.  In my book – Darkest Europe and Africa’s Nightmare: A Critical Observation of Neighbouring Continents, I mentioned, rather apocalyptically, that if we Africans don’t take care then the outside world will turn our continent into “a timber plantation.” This is now happening, but on a worst-case scenario. Africans are being colonised again and this time not with the power of  weapons but through Africans themselves selling their continent willingly. The 99- and 999-year lease – a remnant of colonialists – surely cannot fool anybody. This is equivalent to a full century and/or full millennium which translates into three and a half to thirty-four consecutive generations of Africans.</p>
<p>Africans are selling the one natural resource they can’t afford to sell – their land. Especially arable land. In Antananarivo, Madagascar, earlier in 2009, President Ravalomanana’s government was overthrown by angry urban poor who were already spending two thirds of their income to feed themselves ever since the 2008 massive rise in global prices for commodities like rice and wheat. This was not just because of his own private jet bought from a member of the Disney family for his own use with public funds – no. President Ravalomanana was leasing 1.3 hectares (half the size of Belgium and half of Madagascar’s arable land) to South Korea’s Daewoo for 99 years to grow maize and palm oil and send all harvests during this period back home to feed South Koreans. Daewoo paid nothing: they PROMISED to improve the island’s infra structure. And of course they would provide “jobs for the citizens of Madagascar by farming it, which is good for Madagascar” (read cheap slave labour). As usual the public was kept in the dark. Until the news was leaked by London’s Financial Times. This is the first government in the world to be toppled by angry mobs and the military for “land-grabbing”. Kudos to the people.</p>
<p>There are more than 100 similar land-grabs globally, since September 2008, where huge tracts of farmland are bought up by wealthy countries as well international corporations. Mark Weston, Britain’s international development policy consultant does the colourful canvas thus: “Imagine if China, following a brief negotiation with a British government desperate for foreign cash after the collapse of the economy, bought up the whole of Wales, replaced most of its inhabitants with Chinese workers, turned the entire country into an enormous rice field and sent all the rice produced there for the next 99 years back to China… Imagine that neither the evicted Welch nor the rest of the British public knew what they were getting in return for this, having to content themselves with vague promises that the new landlords would upgrade a few ports and create jobs for the local people.</p>
<p>“Then, imagine that, after a few years – and bearing in mind that recession and the plummeting pound have already made it difficult for the UK to buy food from abroad – an oil-price spike or an environmental disaster in one of the world’s big grain-producing nations drives global food prices sharply upwards and beyond the reach of many Britons. While the Chinese next door in Wales continue sending rice back to China, the starving British look helplessly on, ruing the day their government sold off half their arable land. Some of them plot the violent recapture of the Welch valley.”</p>
<p>This – huge tracts of land being “sold” to foreigners for “promises” – is what is happening all over Africa this very minute. Except that in my experience not many Africans are that good at organising themselves as a unified force to recapture their valley. They would either fall upon each other with machetes for a few grains some “kind” soul dropped them from the air, or they’d turn into a trillion factions with double the number of “generals”.</p>
<p>Even the great pope of the free market, Financial Times, has used words like “rapacious” for the likes of Daewoo, warning that it was the most “brazen example of a wider phenomenon” where rich nations are trotting the globe buying up the natural resources of poor countries. The new colonialism is vast in Africa, with the buyers being wealthy countries unable to grow their own food. The Arabs are back fleeing their barren sands to turn Africa into their granary like they did one and a half millennia ago (in Egypt at the time). The Gulf states are in the lead in this new investment. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, controlling between them 45% of the world’s oil, are snatching AGRICULTURAL LAND in Egypt, Ethiopia, Cameroon, Zambia, Uganda, but also in Cambodia, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and Russia. South Korea has grabbed a staggering 960,000 hectares in Sudan, the largest country in Africa, where at least 6 other rich countries are said to have secured large land-holding – and precisely where the local population are among the hungriest and least secure in the world. The Saudis are negotiating 500,000 hectares (not acres) in Tanzania. Companies for the United Arab Emirates have snapped up 324,000 hectares in Pakistan. Highly populated countries like China, South Korea and India have acquired swathes of African farmland to produce food for export. India recently lowered tariffs for Ethiopian commodities that could enter India after the Indian government lent money to 80 Indian companies to buy 350,000 hectares of farmland in Africa, particularly huge tracts in Kenya and Ethiopia. And this is the same Kenya where, in the year 2008, the locals of African descent were chopping each other’s limbs off, being shot by their own police and armed forces and burning innocent men, women and children locked up in churches – because of the land tenure! This is the Kenya where the Gallmanns, Briatores and Bransons and many others own private ranches the size of 3 Cypruses, where Prince William and his girlfriend spend a bit of “Hollywood in the bush” once or so a year – the rest of the time, all the above celebrities have their small states looked after by their private property “my Africans” – while 75% of Afro-Kenyans have no scratch of land to plant a tomato!</p>
<p>Kenya made a deal with Qatar, an Arab land with only 1% arable land, to acquire 40,000 hectares of land to grow food. A third of Kenya’s population was facing food shortages and President Kibaki had no better answer for hungry Kenyans opposing the deal but to impose a state of emergency and then turn around to appeal for international food relief. Where is the logic here, by the bony ancients? If Qatar can grow food on Kenyan soil to feed Qataris, why can’t Kenya grow food in Kenya to feed Kenyans? The land offered to Qatar is in the fertile Tana River delta with an abundance of fresh water. Some 150,000 Kenyan farming and pastoralist families for whom the land is communal graze their 60,000 cattle there. It is no wonder that, supported by opposition activists and environmentalists fearing the destruction of a pristine ecosystem of mangrove swamps, savannah and forests, the people now threaten armed resistance. When that happens, the rest of the world will only report about “warring African tribes”, not a group of people fighting to keep their land and ecosystem instead of allowing it delivered to Qatari farmers to feed their Arabs.</p>
<p>Next door in Uganda, 400 small farmers comprising a total of 2,000 people, were driven out (using violence through the Ugandan army) of their land in 2001 to make room for the German coffee grower Neumann Kaffee Gruppe. This was against the OECD guidelines for multinational concerns. On 24th August 2001, the concern’s boss, Michael R Neumann, together with President Museveni inaugurated the plantation. The people who were driven off their land can since then neither feed themselves adequately nor pay school fees for their children. This is another in a long line of  violations of social human rights perpetrated by yet another African so-called leader against his own citizens. Are Africans surprised when the rest of the world view them as some strange pathogens? Who is polishing the patina of Africa’s “bad image”?</p>
<p>Mozambique has signed a $2bn deal to give 10,000 Chinese “settlers” land in return for $3m in military aid from Beijing. Right. Take the land for 99- or 999-year lease and settle down while you give the starving Mozambicans both reason and means to kill each other off, leaving Mozambique a Chinese province. Food is a weapon is a weapon is a weapon&#8230;.</p>
<p>But the list is long. The British investor Cru Investment Management has grabbed tracts of the fruitful agricultural land in dirt poor Malawi. US investment banker Philippe Heilberg, assisted by a “warlord”, acquired 4,000 square kilometres of land in southern Sudan. Congo-Brazzaville is allegedly selling 10 million hectares to Euroancestral South Africans to farm. Multinational finance concerns such as Deutsche Bank, Blackstone Group, Goldman &amp; Sachs and Dexion Capital all have invested in African agricultural land. The World Bank and International Finance Corporation are engaged in “the development of agro-business” big time in Africa and other developing countries ever since the food crisis of 2008, pumping billions to agro-concerns to ensure food production in Africa for their own countries. All such investors no longer want to depend on speculators, they want to eliminate middlemen and take control themselves. Cru Investment spokesman, Duncan Parker maintains, “Africa has what it takes to be one of the leading food producers worldwide. Her potential in workers is big, her soil productive and there’s plenty of sun and water.”</p>
<p>Is the man not talking about the same Africa whose people are starving and dying of diseases that could be avoided by mere clean drinking water?</p>
<p>And Philippe Heilberg told the US media that whatever political and legal risks he is taking in Africa at the moment will pay most lucratively because he expects several African states in the coming years to simply fall apart. Can Africans legitimately blame Heilberg for his arrogance and indifference? Besides, when one listens between the words, there is always a plan-in-motion behind such blatant utterances. Africans may well be the next Palestinians – pariahs in their own land.</p>
<p>And now food is not the only thing that African land is needed for. Think of the recent EU Desertec cordoning off the Sahara for solar energy for Europe. In the Desertec Concept are the words:</p>
<p>In the upcoming decades, several global developments will create new challenges for mankind. We will be confronted with problems and obstacles such as climate change, population growth beyond earth&#8217;s capacity, and an increase in demand for energy and water caused by a strive for prosperity and expansion.The DESERTEC Concept provides a way to solve these challenges.</p>
<p>The question is, SOLVE THEM FOR WHO? Certainly not for Africans. And how doest this concept work?</p>
<p>It works just like a coal steam power plant, with the difference that concentrated solar power is used for steam production, instead of coal. Large mirrors are positioned in such a way that they reflect and concentrate the sunlight onto a certain point much like capturing sunlight through a magnifying lens. A major advantage of this technology is that a part of the sun’s heat can be collected in heat storage tanks during the day and then run through steam circuits at night or specifically during peak hours, depending on the demand. With this technology, renewable and controlled energy can be provided according to the demand of the electricity grid.</p>
<p>        Yet Africans, fifty years down independence road and with the technology already existing and sitting their for a price they can more than afford, cannot position large mirrors in such a way that they reflect and concentrate the abundant African sunlight like capturing sunlight through a magnifying lens! Africans have had the Sahara forever – but they just couldn’t come up with the idea of getting some solar energy from this vast desert. No idea from the whole of Sunny Africa? Yes they could, if Africans start thinking of themselves as worthwhile human beings too, and join forces to keep what is theirs theirs. Otherwise Africans might as well follow the butcher meekly to the slaughter house because that’s where they’re going to end up – in “native reserves” dying off as a people until the few Africans left are put in museums like they were once the main attraction in circuses all over the West in the 18th through early 20th centuries.</p>
<p>German, British and American companies have also bought land in Tanzania and Ethiopia to grow biofuels. Ethiopia – the byword for famine – argues that since it imports oil, biofuels will set off price fluctuations and dependency on oil! What about the environmental impact – 75% of the land allocated to the foreign biofuel firms are forested and these forests will have to be chopped off! The Chinese chopstick manufacturers are delighted.</p>
<p>A Norwegian biofuel company will create “the largest jatropha plantation in the world” by deforesting vast tracts of land in northern Ghana. The company was back to darkest Europe when it flagrantly cheated an illiterate chief to sign 38,000 hectares with his thumbprint. Jatropha is a non-too-demanding plant that produces oily seeds from which biodiesel can be made.</p>
<p>This entire new scramble for poor countries’ land is the result of the food crisis of 2007-2008 when the price of wheat, rice and other cereals skyrocketed across the globe. When the food-grower countries applied tariffs to minimize the amount of staple crops that left their countries, the supply was further tightened resulting in prices shooting further up. It was a policy-created scarcity rather than the true-and-tried traditional supply and demand. A situation arose where rich countries reliant on massive food imports put on their thinking caps. They began to put the fundamentals of global trade (that each country should concentrate on its best product and then trade it) under the microscope. The Gulf states, among other rich countries, with their unimaginable amounts of cash from trading oil suddenly realised you can’t eat cash dipped in oil. Nor can you gnaw on a Rolls-Royce. Or feed your children computer chips. The sheikhs &amp; associates saw that the costs of food imports had doubled in five years. The future boded for worse – both regional and global markets were no longer reliable.</p>
<p>        The perfect answer was to own agricultural land. “Control of foreign farmland”, writes Paul Vallely, “would not only secure food supplies, it would eliminate the cut taken by middlemen and reduce food-import bills by more than 20 percent. And the benefits could only increase.” Because the fundamental conditions that had ushered in the worldwide food crisis remain unchanged and could easily get worse.</p>
<p>According to the UN the world population will double by 2050. To grow enough food to feed 9bn people choke the planet. So, long term strategies are the right response. When the Prime Minister Taro of Japan (the world’s largest food importer) asked the G8 leaders in Italy: “Is the current food crisis just another market vagary?” he answered his own question: “Evidence suggests not; we are undergoing a transition to a new equilibrium, reflecting a new economic, climatic, demographic and ecological reality.”</p>
<p>Not that the market is asleep either. The cost of land is rising rapidly, making the irresponsible but insatiable African leaders salivate. And we Africans sit with our hands folded on our laps, waiting for some force of nature to come to our rescue. Many are not even aware of the fact that their ancestral land is being offered for re-colonisation, because their governments are big boys who believe informing their citizens of what is going on puts the boys in a subservient position. These are the chaps in this world who are unaware that they are servants of their people.</p>
<p>The food and financial crises combined have made agricultural farmland the new strategic asset. Veteran speculator Jim Rogers, in league with fellow veterans like Lord Jacob Rothschild, said in July 2009: “I’m convinced that farmland is going to be one of the best investments of our time.” This should actually augur well for Africa because there is land in abundance in the continent, and the agricultural sector – Africa’s backbone – is in need of capital and technology. A win-win situation. Except that Africans are auctioning their continent’s most sacred possession for nought and a staggering 99- or 999-year lease (depending on which salivating leader is dealing with whom. There are leaders out there offering the old colonial 999-year lease). That interprets into three and a half to thirty-four generations of Africans – left in limbo. Or as eventual specimens in museums of the wealthy.</p>
<p>Producing enough food to feed 9bn people in 2050 will crush the planet, denuding forests and drainage rivers and ruining arable land. In Copenhagen, capital saw to it that their lackeys, known as governments the world over, treated climate change as Father Christmas – a fairy tale. But, to capital’s delight, oil prices continue to rise in direct relation to fertilizer and tractor fuel – hence biofuels to further cut the land that would be available for food crops. The horrors are ahead because the fat harvest times are over – there won’t be enough food for the table even for the filthy rich – unless they can afford €3m a day residency in outer space. The market economy will this time – as always – not provide for all and sundry as falsely proclaimed. Land prices have jumped from 15% to 30% globally.</p>
<p>After the financial crisis in mortgage-based derivatives, agricultural land is the new strategic asset. An asset that nobody can manufacture or erect, and then sell. Once given away, it is gone and there’s no replica or spare parts, Africans.</p>
<p>Marginally seen, it could be a good thing for African countries. Apart from the staggering and varied natural resources, some of which cannot be found anywhere on the planet, land, as already said, is what Africans have in plenty. All Africa needs is capital to develop her agriculture. A mammoth share of this capital is ferreted out of the continent by the handful few wrongly-wired Africans to develop economies NOT AFRICAN. The Big Curse for which Africans only have themselves to blame. The rest of the world call it capital flight – as if this staggering amount of money simply made up its mind to take to the air and fly to the West – the mad terminologies of our times where human beings call their own dead “collateral damages”.</p>
<p>The financial global players who brought on the crisis are the very same ones now roaming the agricultural landscape and grabbing chunks of it. These land deals should bring investments, technology and know-how to local farmers, reduce dependency on food aid and similar maladies. They should provide infrastructure that goes beyond roads leading from the foreign leaseholder’s farms to the port that transport 100% of their harvests back to their own countries. The deals should enable the building of schools and health centres for the whole community. They should provide enough taxes to the government for more development – assuming African governments would at last invest in their own countries and people instead of castles and numbered accounts overseas. African so-called leaders have some inborn dread of educated and healthy citizens. Instead of recognising the greatest potential to their nations of human resources they see adversaries.</p>
<p>Then there is the problem of monoculture in growing plantation of large-scale food crops dependent of huge amounts of pesticides and fertilisers. This would ruin the long-term sustainability of tropical soils not suited to intensive cultivation, as well as damage the local water table. Soil erosion will occur and ruin long-term land fertility. The diversity of plants, animals and insect life will be drastically threatened while the intensive usage of agrochemicals bring in water-quality maladies. In addition the irrigation of the foreign investors’ plantations would take water away from the indigenous users. So these grabs are in effect water grabs – the most valuable part of these deals – instead of land grabs, since once you own the land you own the water beneath it.</p>
<p>The chief executive of Nestlé, Peter Brabeck-Letmathe puts it this way: “Water withdrawal for agriculture continue to increase rapidly. In some of the most fertile regions of the world (America, southern Europe, northern India, north-eastern China), over-use of water, mainly for agriculture, is leading to sinking water tables. Groundwater is being withdrawn, no longer as a buffer over the year but in a structural way, mainly because water is seen as a free good.”</p>
<p>It is not. The average person in the world uses 3,000-6,000 litres of water daily, less than a tenth of which is used for hygiene or manufacturing. The rest goes to farming. Meat-eating has increased and meat requires ten times more water per calorie than plants. The thirstiest products on earth are biofuels. To grow Soya for one litre of <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a> takes up to 9,100 litres of water and up to 4,000 litres to transform corn into bioethanol. Brabeck-Letmathe predicts, “Under the present conditions and with the way water is being managed, we will run out of water long before we run out of fuel.” India and the USA combined produce a third of the world’s cereals, but Frank Rijsberman of the International Water Management Institute cautions, “we could be facing annual losses equivalent to the grain crops” of India and the USA.</p>
<p>The land grabs are now a pandemic. As with natural resources in Africa, there is no transparency and foreign governments and multinationals engaged in bribes have no great fear of prosecution in poor countries. In their own wealthy countries, at least somebody may publicly cry foul or demonstrate with huge placards in the streets without fearing being shot down by the police or armed forces.</p>
<p>In Africa land rights are not just written, they also exist through custom and practice. There should indeed be (if nothing else) compulsory sharing of benefits such as construction of schools and health centres. Short leases, or better still contract farming, would leave smallholders in control of their land and contract to investors. On the other hand the investors must never have the right to export entire harvests especially during a food crisis in the host country.</p>
<p>Land-grabs represent a serious violation of the human right to food. Humankind’s most primordial fight was over food. It is food that makes the fittest who then survives. I therefore call to all Africans, Continental and Diaspora, and all friends and fans of Africa, to join me in this fight by going to my web site – <a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.akinyi-princess.de/">www.akinyi-princess.de</a> &#8211; and signing in the <strong>Guest Book</strong> with both your name, the words <strong>LANDGRAB REFERENDUM</strong> and your valid email address. In addition, please spread the word to your friends, families, social network chums and pals, chat room and forum acquaintances around the globe to join us in the fight. I need at least 25,000 authentic email “signatures” to enable me to write a petition to the AU Commissioner in Addis Ababa demanding that African governments may not simply “negotiate” land grab deals with foreign governments and multinationals without prior consultations with their respective citizens in the form of a referendum. The petition is now being professionally drafted and will be posted in my web site ASAP.</p>
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<p>A graduate journalist &#8211; the London Schools of Journalism as well as an economics graduate of the London School of Economics.?Been writing as a freelance journalist since 1980, columnist with various dailies and monthly magazines in Africa and Europe. Gives lectures and seminars in various German universities, colleges and high schools on topics ranging from socio-economy in Africa, Business English, African literature and the socio-ethnological conflicts in the traditions of Africans and the West in general. Written and published articles, papers,?novels in Engish and German. Her non-fiction book ?Darkest Europe and Africa?s Nightmare: A critical Observation of the Neighbour Continents? published in 2008 by a New York publisher. Full CV -? <a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.akinyi-princess.de/">www.akinyi-princess.de</a>. More works as yet unpublished and a children?s fantasy/thriller.</p>
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		<title>An Introduction to Biofuels</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/an-introduction-to-biofuels</link>
		<comments>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/an-introduction-to-biofuels#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Mar 2010 13:46:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[biodiesel expansion]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#13;
Agriculture &#8211; methane, ethanol and biodiesel Introduction
In this chapter we shall discuss the importance of recent developments in agriculture upon the world&#8217;s energy resources and the impact on the world population and environment. We shall focus mainly on  agriculture producing fuel as this is currently controversial. We will briefly discus the historic link between agriculture [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>Agriculture &#8211; methane, ethanol and biodiesel Introduction</p>
<p>In this chapter we shall discuss the importance of recent developments in agriculture upon the world&#8217;s energy resources and the impact on the world population and environment. We shall focus mainly on  agriculture producing fuel as this is currently controversial. We will briefly discus the historic link between agriculture and petroleum then we will explore aspects of methane, biodiesel and ethanol production before a brief summary on the strategic importance of a strong agricultural sector.</p>
<p>Link between Agriculture and Petroleum</p>
<p>Since the 1940&#8217;s agriculture has dramatically increased its productivity. This is due in part to the use of petrochemical derived pesticides and fertilizers and increased mechanization. The vast majority of energy used to produce food in addition to sunlight comes from fossil fuel sources. Because of modern agriculture&#8217;s heavy reliance on petrochemicals there are signs that decreases in oil supply will inflict damage on the world&#8217;s modern agricultural system and cause long term food shortages. Oil shortages mean that organic agriculture and sustainable farming are now of more importance than ever. However, the current controversy  is due to the fact that farmers have increasingly been raising crops such as corn for non-food use in an effort to help mitigate peak oil. This is turn has contributed to a 60% rise in wheat prices recently and may cause serious social unrest. Increased interest in food commodities from the world&#8217;s financial markets has also increased the cost of food worldwide.</p>
<p>Let us look at several main areas of agricultural fuel production. First  methane production.</p>
<p>Methane</p>
<p>Methane is the principal component of natural gas. The relative abundance of methane and its clean burning process makes it a very attractive fuel. Methane is usually now transported in its natural gas form by pipeline or LNG carriers. Methane is very important for electrical generation when burned as a fuel in a gas turbine or steam boiler and compared to other hydrocarbon fuels burning methane produces less carbon dioxide for each unit of heat released. Methane in the form of compressed natural gas can also be used in vehicles and NASA is looking to methane&#8217;s potential as rocket fuel as it is abundant in many parts of the solar system ! In addition methane has industrial uses, especially in industrial chemical processes and may be transported as refrigerated LNG.</p>
<p>The link between agriculture and methane occurs because apart from gas fields an alternative method of obtaining methane is via biogas generated by the fermentation of organic matter, including manure, wastewater sludge, municipal solid waste or any other biodegradable feedstock under anaerobic conditions. As an aside methane hydrates, which are basically icelike combinations of methane and water on the sea floor  are also a potential future source of methane. Back to agriculture ! Cattle belch methane accounts for 16% of the world&#8217;s annual methane emissions and the livestock sector in general is responsible for 37% of all human influenced methane production. In fact lets take a look at some of the statistics on anthropogenic methane. This accounts in total for approximately 55% of all methane emissions. Of this 18% is due to our energy use, 7% due to landfills, 19% due to livestock, 4% waste treatment, and 7% biomass burning. We can this see the links between agriculture and methane production but of course so far very little of this is harnessed for fuel.</p>
<p>Ethanol</p>
<p> The fermentation of sugar into ethanol is one of the earliest organic reactions known to humanity. Ethanol is also produced from by-products of petroleum refining but here we are concerned at the links between agriculture and fuel production. The largest single use of ethanol is as a motor fuel and fuel additive. The largest national fuel ethanol industries exist in Brazil. Thanks to advances in engine design today almost half of Brazilian cars are able to use 100% ethanol as fuel via ethanol only engines and flex-fuel engines.. In the US flex-fuel engines can run on 0% to 85% ethanol since higher ethanol blends are not allowed. Brazil produces ethanol from domestically grown sugar cane which has a greater concentration of sucrose than corn but is also easier to extract.</p>
<p>In addition the bagasse generated by the process is not wasted but is used in power plants to produce electricity. In contrast in the USA the fuel ethanol industry is based on corn. According to the Renewable Fuels Association in October 2007 there are 131 grain ethanol bio-refineries in the USA with another 72 under construction. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 required that 4 billion gallons of renewable fuel be used in 2006 and this increases thereafter. However there is a controversy arising concerning this as it is disputed whether ethanol as an automotive fuel made from corn results in a net energy gain or loss. The case is clear in sugar cane ethanol as this produces 8 joules for each joule used to produce it. Sugar cane is therefore a far, far better source of ethanol for fuel. Recent research shows that other crops such as switchgrass are also ore efficient than corn. It is likely that cellulosic crops will displace corn as a main fuel crop in the future. There are in fact many controversial side effects of using corn to produce ethanol. According to one estimate a person could be fed for an entire year on the corn used to fill an ethanol fueled SUV. In fact the use of corm almost certainly increases global warming, destroys forests and inflates fuel prices.</p>
<p>Many environmentalists and livestock farmers are against the use of corn for ethanol production and the work also attracts controversial subsidies. In 2007 the UN&#8217;s expert on the right to food called for a 5 year moratorium on biofuel production from food crops to prevent a catastrophe for the poor as food prices escalate. The effects of increasing food prices due to the ripple effect of a rise in corm prices have been felt worldwide. A February 2007 Associated Press article stated &#8220;The widespread use of ethanol from corn could result in nearly twice the greenhouse gas emissions as the gasoline it would replace because of expected land-use changes&#8221;. However, it is not all doom and gloom because as we said earlier the case for ethanol from sugar cane has been made so agriculture has a huge contribution to make to fuel production in an efficient manner in fact if we move away from corn.</p>
<p>Biodiesel</p>
<p> This refers to the non-petroleum based diesel fuel made by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, which can be used alone or blended in unmodified diesel engine vehicles. Biodiesel use and production is increasing rapidly and fueling stations are making biodiesel available across Europe and increasingly in Canada and the USA.  At the moment biodiesel is relatively expensive to purchase but the economies of scale of production and agricultural subsidies versus the rising costs of petroleum may make biodiesel more attractive. Biodiesel production continues to grow rapidly with an average annual growth rate from 2002 to 2006 of over 40% according to Renewables 2007 Global Status Report. For 2006 total world <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a> production was 5-6 million tonnes with 4.9 million tonnes processed in Europe &#8211; mainly in Germany.  It can be seen that agriculture has an enormous role to play in the creation of alternative fuels. A variety of oils can be used to produce biodiesel.</p>
<p>Virgin oil feedstocks such as rapeseed and soybean oils can be used. Soybean is a major feedstock in the US for example. Other feedstocks can include field penny-cress, Jatropha, mustard, flax, sunflower, palm oil, and hemp. Waste vegetable oil (WVO) can also be used as feedstocks. Farms also produce animal fats including tallow, lard and yellow grease. Chicken fats and by-products of the production of Omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil can be used. Another form of farming can also contribute, namely algaculture. Algae which can be grown using waste materials such as sewage can also be used as feedstock.</p>
<p> However, it should be noted that currently worldwide production of vegetable oil and animal fat is not yet sufficient to replace liquid fossil fuel use. Also there would be objections to the vast amount of farming expansion needed to produce sufficient quantities &#8211; especially from relative low yield feedstocks like soybean. Lets take a quick look at the various yields because feedstock yield efficiency per acre affects the feasibility of ramping up agriculture required to power a significant percentage of world vehicles.</p>
<p>Here are some examples of yields quoted in US gallons of biodiesel per acre. Algae 1800 gpa or more, Palm oil 508 gpa, Coconut 230 gpa, Rapeseed 102gpa, Soy 59 gpa, Peanut 90 gpa, Sunflower 82 gpa. The case is being made strongly for algae fuel as according to the DOE algae yield 30 times more energy per acre than land crops such as soybeans. Algae production has another great advantage in that it does use up existing farmland. The Jatropha plant is also cited as being relatively high yield with about 200 gpa. This is grown in the Philippines, Mali and India, is drought resistant and can share space with other crops such as coffee. Overall the efficiency and economic arguments continue. Does it make sense to convert more farmland into feedstocks for  biodiesel production ?</p>
<p>Additional factors need to be taken into consideration such as the fuel equivalent of energy required for processing, the yield of fuel from raw oil, the return on cultivating food, and effects on food prices and the relative cost of biodiesel versus petrodiesel.</p>
<p>A note on energy security</p>
<p> In reality one of the main drivers for adoption of biodiesel, ethanol and agriculture based methane production is energy security. This means that the country&#8217;s dependence on oil should be reduced and substituted with locally available sources such as coal, gas or other renewable resources. In effect this means that there are significant benefits for a country quite apart from reduction of greenhouse gasses. It is clear that initiatives in agriculture to produce methane, biodiesel and ethanol do reduce our dependence on oil , even if the total energy balance is controversial in some cases. The diversification of energy sources is a vital security factor and the development of a strong agricultural sector to meet this demand is therefore of long term and short term strategic interest. However, this must be balanced with initiatives in food production especially in the developing world to offset the effects of conversion of arable land to biofuel feedstock production.</p>
<p> Dr Simon Harding</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.thinkoil.net">www.thinkoil.net</a></p>
<p>www.chronosconsulting.com</p>
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		<title>NVSR, NVNC, ETEV PinkSheetGuru.com Newsletter For Hot OTC Stocks</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/nvsr-nvnc-etev-pinksheetguru-com-newsletter-for-hot-otc-stocks</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 28 Feb 2010 14:14:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[biodiesel expansion]]></category>
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(New York, New York) August 6, 2009 &#8211; On this amazing trading day we are happy to bring you three OTC stocks that while they are demonstrating strong green trends, they are red hot! All three corporations, NavStar Technologies Inc., Ethos Environmental and Novo Energies Corporation have demonstrated strong and dedicated commitments to addressing environmental [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>(New York, New York) August 6, 2009 &#8211; On this amazing trading day we are happy to bring you three OTC stocks that while they are demonstrating strong green trends, they are red hot! All three corporations, NavStar Technologies Inc., Ethos Environmental and Novo Energies Corporation have demonstrated strong and dedicated commitments to addressing environmental issues and providing good, strong and effective solutions.</p>
<p>Ethos Environmental: (OTCBB:ETEV) posted a solid gain today of 9.09% closing at $0.24.  This stock is a promising one and expect value to increase as more news presents itself demonstrating the quality and effectiveness of its product; Ethos Fuel Reformulator.</p>
<p>For those of you that are still in the dark about this company, Ethos Environmental is a manufacturer and distributor of a unique line of fuel reformulating products under the name Ethos Fuel Reformulators, or Ethos FR. As the name suggests, Ethos Environmental&#8217;s credo is solely based on adhering to the highest levels of ethics in every aspect of its business conduct. Its contribution to its clients, shareholders, and international partners deliver value to consumers while contributing to the future of next generations. Ethos is conceived to work with any fuel in an internal combustion engine. It adds cleaning and lubricating qualities to any type of fuel or motor oil, allowing engines to perform cooler, smoother and with more vigor. The overall benefits are increased fuel mileage, reduced emissions and maintenance costs.</p>
<p>Novo Energies Corporation (OTCBB:NVNC) lead the charge today posting gains of 48.72% closing at $0.58.  Here is a corporation dedicated to its mission and is definitely putting its best foot forward.  As expansion begins and more plants are put in place, expect stock to rise and investor confidence to be 150%!<br />This company deserves much exposure and is definitely one to watch, both for investors and consumers.  They are an exciting renewable energy company.  The Company, through its subsidiary WTL Renewable Energy Corporation, has developed and designed a new effective process which combines Thermolysis and Gasification to transform plastics and tires waste to liquid fuels. The Company intends to become a leader in the waste to energy industry. The alternative energy industry is likely to grow exponentially over the next couple of decades as a major worldwide impetus is provided to reduce depletion of natural resources and reduce dependence on foreign oil.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Novo-Energies-Corporation-1025977.html" target="_blank"></a><br />NavStar Techonologies, Inc. (NVSR.PK) rebounded from a day of profit taking yesterday, to rise again to $0.0456 posting a gain of 30.56% over yesterday.  There will be more resistance encountered with this stock but expect investors to be confident and pursue their mission alongside the corporation.  Much speculation has been cast in the direction of the is corporation, some saying it is definitely a stock which should be trading at $0.11.  We at PinkSheetGuru.com have been following this stock intensively for the last month and are pleased to report that after speaking with various sources, our confidence in this stock is strong and we still give it our 150% confidence!  The company has been posting strong news over the last weeks and what with all its signed agreements, contracts and testing, we feel there is a major revenue influx in the works.</p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="ttp://www.emailwire.com/release/25612-Upside-of-30M-in-Hardware-and-Service-Revenue-From-Distribution-Agreement-Completed-Between-NavStar-Technologies-and-Anything-Trucker-For-Sales-and-Marketing-in-US-.html" target="_blank">“ Upside of $30M in Hardware and Service Revenue From Distribution Agreement Completed Between NavStar Technologies and Anything Trucker For Sales and Marketing in U.S. ”</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.transworldnews.com/NewsStory.aspx?id=108006" target="_blank"><br />(NVSR.PK) NavStar Technologies, Inc. Has Never Looked So Good!</a></p>
<p>Pinksheetguru.com offers a wide variety of services to both investors and public companies. Whether you are an investor seeking an investment opportunity or a public company seeking to reach the investment community, www.Pinksheetguru.com can bridge the gap. We encourage investors to take advantage of our trading tools. You may perform your own DD to help make the right investment choices. Visit our “Market Education” page to better educate yourself in order to become a more profitable investor. Pinksheetguru.com goal is to provide investors and stockbrokers with timely financial news, data and links to valuable investment tools (i.e., stock quotes, stock charts, stock research, stock message boards, etc.) to assist in making informed decisions about small cap investments.</p>
<p>Release of Liability: Through use of this website viewing or using you agree to hold www.PinkSheetGuru.com, its operators owners and employees harmless and to completely release them from any and all liability due to any and all loss (monetary or otherwise), damage (monetary or otherwise), or injury (monetary or otherwise) that you may incur. The information contained herein is based on sources which we believe to be reliable but is not guaranteed by us as being accurate and does not purport to be a complete statement or summary of the available data.  PinkSheetGuru.Com affiliates may from time to time have a position in the securities mentioned herein and may increase or decrease such positions without notice which may negatively affect the market.  PinkSheetGuru.Com encourages readers and investors to supplement the information in these reports with independent research and other professional advice. All information on featured companies is provided by the companies profiled, or is available from public sources and www.PinkSheetGuru.Com makes no representations, warranties or guarantees as to the accuracy or completeness of the disclosure by the profiled companies. PinkSheetGuru.Com, nor any of its affiliates are not registered investment advisors or a broker dealers</p>
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		<title>NVSR.PK: The Little Train That Is Pulling Out of The Station, Again!</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/nvsr-pk-the-little-train-that-is-pulling-out-of-the-station-again</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Feb 2010 14:40:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[&#13;
August 11, 2009 -Every now and then comes along a stock pick that just wont quit.  Well this summer, NVSR is that little train that could.  After stunning investors in the last weeks with contracts guaranteeing it a surplus of $45 million in Revenue, NavStar Technologies, Inc., in a surprising move has released news stating [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>August 11, 2009 -Every now and then comes along a stock pick that just wont quit.  Well this summer, <a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://finance.google.com/finance?q=NVSR">NVSR</a> is that little train that could.  After stunning investors in the last weeks with contracts guaranteeing it a surplus of $45 million in Revenue, NavStar Technologies, Inc., in a surprising move has released news stating it wishes to bolster investor confidence by commencing all necessary procedures to become a fully reporting OTCBB company.  WOW!  We have been saying it for a while now and are absolutely, one hundred percent certain that there is more to come!  </p>
<p>&#13;<br />
A move such as this one is only undertaken when a corporation is entering a stage where growth is imminent and their speculative stages are long since behind them.  We view such a move as one which announces to the public, &#8221; We know something huge, just can&#8217;t tell you how huge it is or what it is.&#8221;</p>
<p>&#13;<br />
NavStar Press Release</p>
<p>&#13;<br />
NavStar Technologies, Inc. a multinational firm focused on developing and commercializing asset tracking and monitoring devices for vehicles and high value cargo, today announced that it is undertaking all measures necessary in order to become listed as a Current Information Company on Pinksheets.com listings.</p>
<p>&#13;<br />
“We are pleased to announce that we will be submitting all necessary filings in order to be listed as a Current Information Company with Pinksheets.com. This is one of many steps we are planning in order to become a fully listed OTCBB company. Such a move can only prove beneficial to our shareholders in permitting us to be completely transparent and as such gain the confidence of our investors”, said N. Douglas Pritt, Chairman &amp; CEO, NavStar Technologies, Inc. “This decision is consistent with our long term plans for expansion, growth and development. Our company has come a long way and we feel that the best is yet to come.”</p>
<p>&#13;<br />
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENT<br />&#13;<br />
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of US federal securities laws, that involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this press release. </p>
<p>&#13;<br />
About NavStar Technologies, Inc.<br />&#13;<br />
NavStar is focused on the creation of products and services that provide tracking and monitoring of vehicles and high value cargo, equipment, and other valuable and personal assets.</p>
<p>&#13;<br />
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<p>&#13;<br />
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		<title>Alternative Fuel Magic &#8211; How They Save Money And Environment</title>
		<link>http://biodieselessentials.com/biodiesel-expansion/alternative-fuel-magic-how-they-save-money-and-environment</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 27 Feb 2010 14:40:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[biodiesel expansion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Alternative]]></category>
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The truth is oil and automobile companies are creating alternative fuel expansions to help with the escalating prices of gas and oil, and global warming. The companies are at the point where they realize it is time to do something because consumers are fed up, the environment is in danger and there are cheaper methods. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#13;</p>
<p>The truth is oil and automobile companies are creating alternative fuel expansions to help with the escalating prices of gas and oil, and global warming. The companies are at the point where they realize it is time to do something because consumers are fed up, the environment is in danger and there are cheaper methods. </p>
<p>Alternative fuels are not made from crude oil, which would end the United States dependency on foreign countries. Such alternatives fuels are made from corn, wheat, vegetable oil, pretty much anything that is organic. Companies have even used old car parts to create fuel. These types of alternative fuel expansions are amazing because it is taking natural products that can be grown anywhere, or garbage that needs to be disposed of and using it in a productive, cost efficient manner.</p>
<p>It isn&#8217;t all about the money either. The global warming problem has received international attention as of late and many countries, citizens and people are taking a stand to help the environment. The alternative fuels burn cleaner and produce less CO2, which is a major culprit in global warming. Less garbage, less CO2 and cleaner air. Alternative fuel expansions sound like a winning combination. </p>
<p>Major car companies are taking the biggest leaps when it comes to alternative fuels expansion. With the price of oil, car companies have taken the biggest hit. Consumers are looking for more fuel efficient vehicles or even those that don&#8217;t require the gasoline that is available at the pump these days. Car companies are creating cars that run on electricity, ethanol, E85 and <a href="http://biodieselessentials.com" target=_self>biodiesel</a>s. With the new wave of technology these car companies are creating also come the growth of jobs. Some of the alternative expansions are still in its infancy stages, but many vehicles such as E85, ethanol and biodiesel are already on the road. </p>
<p>Australia and Sweden have been developing alternative fuel expansions. Those countries already have E85 vehicles on the road. E85 means the fuel is 85 percent ethanol. It also becoming popular in the Midwestern part of the United States where large crops of corn are grown. </p>
<p>Big oil companies are taking notice and are now putting different kinds of pumps at gas stations where there is a demand. As a child, when you used to think about how electric cars would run in the future, you probably never thought it would happen in your lifetime. Well, buckle up because the future is coming.  Alternative fuel expansions are changing the way people think and changing lives. </p>
<p>           &#13;
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<p>Abhishek is an avid Environmentalist and he has got some great <b><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.Wonder-Homes.com/643/index.htm"> Alternative Fuel Secrets </a></b> up his sleeves! Download his <b>FREE 70 Pages Ebook</b>, &#8220;Energy Conservation And Alternative Fuel&#8221; from his website <b><a rel="nofollow" onclick="javascript:pageTracker._trackPageview('/outgoing/article_exit_link');" href="http://www.Wonder-Homes.com/643/index.htm"> http://www.Wonder-Homes.com/643/index.htm </a></b>. <i>Only limited Free Copies available.</i></p>
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<p class='technorati-tags'>Technorati Tags: <a class='technorati-link' href='http://technorati.com/tag/Alternative' rel='tag' target='_blank'>Alternative</a>, <a class='technorati-link' href='http://technorati.com/tag/Environment' rel='tag' target='_blank'>Environment</a>, <a class='technorati-link' href='http://technorati.com/tag/fuel' rel='tag' target='_blank'>fuel</a>, <a class='technorati-link' href='http://technorati.com/tag/Magic' rel='tag' target='_blank'>Magic</a>, <a class='technorati-link' href='http://technorati.com/tag/money' rel='tag' target='_blank'>money</a>, <a class='technorati-link' href='http://technorati.com/tag/save' rel='tag' target='_blank'>save</a>, <a class='technorati-link' href='http://technorati.com/tag/They' rel='tag' target='_blank'>They</a></p>

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